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@Kat2202 - There is no issue renting a car from any agency in Brazil. I have done it multiple times in Rio de Janeiro without problem. The agencies will normally ask for your passport, your driver’s licence and of course a credit card.

Technically, if you are a resident in Brazil you should obtain a Brazilian driver’s licence. In the meantime, you can have your foreign licence officially translated, but bear in mind this translation is valid only for six months and can be renewed just once.

For this reason, it is usually simpler not to mention your CPF if you have one and instead rent using your passport number.

10/01/25 I have a question and it may have been covered on another thread but i can't find info.
Can I rent a car from local car rental agencies using only my valid US driver's license? I plan to rent a car occasionally for weekends or short trips. Since I have only rented at airports upon arrival and having to provide flight information, I am unsure of the procedure for non-airport locations. Specifically, what documents are required in place of flight information and is a Brazilian driver's license or international DL mandatory for these local rentals? - @Kat2202

If you plan on driving in Brazil on your US license while a non-resident, you should get an IDP -- International Driving Permit --  to use in conjunction with (and not instead of) your US license.  You can get it easily at the nearest AAA branch; the information is here: 

With the IDP you shouldn't need a translation of your license.

There's still information circulating on the Internet that Brazil only accepts the IADP (Interamerican Driving Permit) and  not the IDP, but this is no longer the case.

As @Fentium said, once you're a resident (i.e., once you have a CRNM), you should request a Brazilian license on the basis of your US license at the DETRAN nearest to your home.