Healthcare is one of the most important aspects of a high-quality lifestyle. Panama offers a mix of public and private care; the latter is the best bet for anyone who can afford it. This article overviews the country's public and private healthcare systems, health insurance, medical costs, emergency, maternity and dental services and vaccine requirements.
Public healthcare in Panama
Panamanian public healthcare operates through two entities: (Caja de Seguro Social, CSS) and (Ministerio de Salud, MINSA). CSS is funded by contributions from Panamanians and residents— both employed—and their employers. Those who do not contribute to CSS receive care through MINSA.
Public hospitals and clinics are not entirely free but offer affordable healthcare. However, long wait times and limited resources are common issues. Locals using public health services often say that one could die waiting for the scheduled operation or critical treatment.
A similar issue exists with medicines provided in public healthcare centers. While prices are lower, availability leaves much to be desired. Patients at CSS and MINSA facilities frequently cannot obtain all the medications prescribed by doctors and must turn to regular pharmacies, where prices are significantly higher. It is merely an inconvenience for those who can afford it, but it poses a serious problem for lower-income individuals. Some people even forgo the recommended treatment as they cannot cover the costs.
The Social Security System has around 80 facilities nationwide, while MINSA operates over 800. CSS centers are generally considered better than those of MINSA, as the former has more funding for equipment, medication, etc. The MINSA system, on the other hand, is chronically underfunded. However, both entities are notorious for long wait times and limited resources. While public medical institutions in the capital and other major cities are relatively well-equipped, those in rural areas tend to lack specialized services and modern technology. Public clinics can be a budget-friendly option for routine care, but for more serious conditions, private healthcare is the way.
Most expats rely on private healthcare, including those who work legally and contribute to CSS. If you can afford private care in this country, it is well worth the investment. Although many doctors work in both private and public systems, and the provider's knowledge may not be a problem, prolonged wait times can affect health outcomes.
Private healthcare in Panama
Panama's private healthcare sector is well-developed. Its modern hospitals and clinics offer state-of-the-art equipment and world-class services.
Many Panamanian doctors have trained abroad and speak English fluently. Getting an appointment is usually quick and easy. If you prefer a specific doctor, you may have to wait — though not nearly as long as in the public system. Private insurance companies offer a range of medical providers. If your preferred doctor is unavailable and you have an emergency, numerous other specialists are readily accessible.
Panama's private hospitals are well-equipped but come at a high cost. Some of the most well-known private hospitals in Panama City include:
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Outside Panama City, the following private hospitals provide excellent medical care:
- (David, ChiriquÃ);
- (David, ChiriquÃ);
- (Santiago, Veraguas).
Having private insurance is crucial for any critical situation. While regular doctor visits will not break the bank, major medical treatments and hospitalization are pricey in this country.
Health insurance in Panama
Health insurance is an essential factor to consider for anyone living in Panama. Although expats contributing to the CSS system receive public healthcare benefits, most choose private insurance to access better facilities and faster service.
Local health insurance providers
Popular local health insurance companies include:
Comparing plans can be daunting, and working with insurance brokers can ease the process. They know the ins and outs of each company's benefits and drawbacks and can help you choose the best option.
Most insurance companies provide both local and international plans, with prices varying based on age and coverage.
In Panama, private insurance typically does not cover preexisting conditions. Additionally, some conditions are not covered until a specific waiting period is completed, usually a year. Those include tonsillectomies, arthroscopy, shoulder and knee surgery, cataracts, endometriosis, hernias, chronic migraines, prostate conditions, thyroid disorders and benign breast tumors. Pregnancy is also not covered during the first 12 months of insurance. Some plans may cover dental care, while others do not.
Local health insurers typically require the following:
- Application form;
- Copy of passport or resident ID;
- Medical history;
- Medical exams and tests performed by an approved network doctor and laboratory.
International health insurance providers
If you want a global insurance plan with extensive coverage, consider international insurance providers such as:
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These companies specialize in expat healthcare and offer comprehensive global plans with a wide range of benefits. Note that their worldwide coverage may exclude certain countries.
Unlike local insurers, international providers may allow a free choice of medical professionals, whereas local plans often have a restricted network of doctors and hospitals. Moreover, some international insurers offer additional expat-focused services, such as legal and financial assistance and country security advice. Contact customer support for detailed information.
Medical costs in Panama
Healthcare costs in Panama are significantly lower than in North America but considerably higher than in some neighboring countries, such as Colombia. In fact, some people travel to Mexico or Colombia for specific medical treatments.
A specialist visit ranges from $50 to $150, with health insurance covering 80% of the cost if you have one. Hospitalization, specialized treatments and surgery costs vary depending on the provider and hospital. It is wise to get quotes from multiple providers to compare prices.
Prescription medications are more affordable than in the U.S. However, the same medicine may be cheaper in Europe, and Latin American neighbors, such as Colombia and Mexico, offer many meds at a fraction of the price. Health insurance covers a percentage of medication costs when prescribed by an in-network provider.
Pharmacies and medications in Panama
Pharmacies are widely available across Panama, with chains like , and offering prescription and over-the-counter medications. Some medicines are only sold with a prescription. However, well-known pharmacies in Panama City may be more strict about this rule than those in small towns. For example, antibiotics require a prescription, but some small pharmacies may sell them without formal authorization.
Emergency services in Panama
The national emergency number in Panama is 911. Both public and private hospitals offer urgent care; the latter often have ambulance services, which tend to be faster than public ones. If you require immediate medical attention, heading to a private hospital is a wise move. You will get quicker and higher-quality service. However, you will not be discharged until you pay the ambulance and treatment bill. Private insurance covers emergency services. If you are not insured, you will still receive treatment but must pay on the spot.
In case of an accident resulting in a serious injury that requires hospital transport by a skilled professional, contact 911 or a private ambulance service like or .
Healthcare in rural areas in Panama
While Panama City and other urban centers have excellent medical facilities, rural areas face challenges due to a lack of funding. Clinics in smaller towns offer basic services, but specialized care often requires traveling to larger cities. If you plan to live in a remote area, consider private health insurance that covers emergency evacuation if necessary.
Maternity care in Panama
Maternity care in Panama includes high-end services in private hospitals and affordable options in the public system. Most expats opt for private care due to shorter wait times, modern equipment and personalized attention.
Private insurance typically covers maternity costs after a waiting period of around 12 months.
Panama offers comprehensive prenatal care, including regular checkups, ultrasounds and lab tests. Public healthcare recommends a minimum of five prenatal checkups, while in the private system, monthly prenatal visits to the doctor are habitual.
Both natural birth and C-sections are widely performed. However, C-sections are more common than in some European countries. Íæż½ã½ãs report being offered a C-section in cases where it was not strictly necessary, especially in private hospitals. Discussing your delivery preferences with your medical provider is essential.
Homebirth is uncommon in Panama, and it is not encouraged by the healthcare system. However, if you prefer a natural birth in the comfort of your home, ensure you are close to a hospital in case of complications. Traditional midwives (parteras) mainly practice in rural and indigenous communities. Most hospital births are accompanied by obstetricians and nurses.
Postnatal care includes postpartum checkups for mothers and pediatric screenings for newborns. Babies receive their first vaccines shortly after birth, followed by additional immunizations according to the national vaccination schedule.
Dental care in Panama
The country offers high-quality dental care, with many local dentists trained abroad. Opting for private dental services is highly advisable if you want to save time and benefit from modern technology.
Some private health insurance plans include dental coverage, but it is usually limited. Many expats choose to pay out of pocket due to the affordable pricing. Teeth cleaning costs around US$50-US$80, while fillings range from US$80 to US$150.
Preventive care and wellness in Panama
Panama offers a range of preventive care services, including routine check-ups, blood and urine tests, vaccinations and wellness programs. Health insurance may not cover preventive care. Quote with your medical provider and consult with the insurance company to avoid unpleasant surprises.
Alternative and holistic medicine, including chiropractic care, acupuncture and functional medicine, is also gaining popularity in the country. Typically, insurance does not cover such treatments, so be prepared to pay out of pocket.
Vaccine requirements for Panama
There are no mandatory vaccines required to travel to Panama. However, if you are arriving from countries with a risk of yellow fever virus transmission, such as Brazil, you may need to show a valid yellow fever vaccination card.
Mosquito-borne diseases can occur in Panama. Malaria is not a significant concern unless you travel to dense jungle areas like Darien. While dengue cases are not numerous, they are reported throughout the country. Usual precautions, including anti-mosquito spray, long-sleeved tops and pants, are necessary.
Some vaccines, though not mandatory, are recommended. They include Hepatitis A and B, typhoid, rabies, yellow fever and routine vaccines. COVID-19 vaccines are no longer required in Panama.
Takeaway
Panama's healthcare is a mix of public and private services. While expats from the U.S. find private medical assistance affordable here, those from some European countries (such as Spain or Portugal) or other Latin American nations may not consider it well-priced or efficient. Although public care is inexpensive, its long wait times and limited resources often lead to delays in treatment, which may increase health risks. For those who can afford it, private healthcare is a wise choice, offering modern equipment, internationally trained doctors and short wait times. Panama's health insurance providers offer a variety of local and international plans to suit different needs.
Useful links:
(Caja de Seguro Social, CSS)
(Ministerio de Salud, MINSA)
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